During the 1973 arabisraeli war, arab members of the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec imposed an embargo against the united states in retaliation for the u. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with. What were the shortterm and longterm effects of the 1973. This embargo caused oil and gas shortages throughout the united states. The purpose of the embargo is to pressure cubas communist government to respect human rights and allow more political and economic freedom.
Israel solar heat water japan japan industries shift from oilintensive to electronics 8. Digital history id 3358 political unrest in the oil rich middle east contributed significantly to americas economic troubles. Iran, iraq, kuwait, saudi arabia, venezuela, qatar, indonesia, libya, the united arab emirates, algeria, and nigeria. The opec oil embargo was an event where the 12 countries that made up opec stopped selling oil to the united states. This also was going to add fuel to the conservation. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Opec the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec maria lorusso march 25. This 27slide powerpoint presentation introduces the history and purposes of opec. Opec formation and influence on the world economy ahlam colorado heights university abstract the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec, is a permanent intergovernmental organization, created at the baghdad conference on september 14 th, 1960, consisting of the worlds major oil exporting nations. In response to the oil crisis, the united states took steps to become increasingly energy. Nbc nightly news coverage of opec s decision to cut exports of oil to the united states along with other nations. Opec oil embargo of 1973on october 17, 1973, arab oil producers declared anembargo that drastically limited the shipment of oil to. Result this effectively shut down exports to the us, western europe and japan.
In 1960, iran, iraq, saudi arabia, kuwait, and venezuela formed an organization called the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec. Opec announced an embargo against the united states and ordered its members not to ship any more petroleum there until the support of israel stopped. Parallels the embargo led to long gas lines and shaped u. Production cutbacks produced an immediate global shortage. Opec is an intergovernmental organization of 14 nations, founded in 1960 in baghdad by the first five members, and. Caused worldwide oil shortage and long lines at gas stations in the us. In 1973, that oil shock looked like a triumph for opec and a calamity for the rest of the world.
It prohibits any nation that hadsupported israel in itsyom kippur war with egypt,syria and jordan from buyingany of the oil it sells. Essay on opec oil embargos effects on the macro economy cram. Oct 16, 2015 on the 42 nd anniversary of the opec oil embargo, as oil prices are at six year lows and the global oil market is in a state of glut with no end in sight, the challenges of those years seem like nothing more than a distant memory. Theres no question that, in the decades since, the global energy landscape has changed. Many countries in opec and most notably saudi arabia, wanted israel to retreat from territories they gained during the war reid. After suffering a humiliating defeat at the hands of israel in the 1973 yom kippur war, arab leaders unsheathed a new political weapon oil. It includes large visuals, political cartoons, and studentfriendly charts and graphs. The 1973 oil crisis began in october 1973 when the members of the organization of arab petroleum exporting countries proclaimed an oil embargo. The opec embargo was successful because us crude oil production had peaked in 1970 at 9,637 kbd 10,044 kbd in november 1970 and had declined in 1973 to 9,208 kbd. Opec, made up primarily of arab nations, decided to end a sixmonth embargo that had crippled much of the global economy, frayed the. A series of video clipsincluding those from experts on the subject of oil importation, jimmy carter addressing the country, and congress. The initial nations targeted were canada, japan, the netherlands, the united kingdom and the united states with the embargo also later extended to. Opec members started an oil embargo in october 1973 targeting.
Opec oil embargo the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec was created in 1960 with the idea of unifying and protecting the interests of petroleumproducing countries. Tracing the effects of the oil embargo in 197374, opec imposed an embargo on exports to the united states and subsequently increased the price of oil fourfold. Jul 28, 2019 opec was founded in 1960 by saudi arabia, iran, iraq, kuwait, and venezuela with the principle objective of raising the price of oil. Carter, although capable, did not end up having a very successful presidency due to international trouble economic trouble continued. Oil embargo, 19731974 during the 1973 arabisraeli war, arab members of the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec imposed an embargo against the united states in retaliation for the u. The embargo was targeted at nations perceived as supporting israel during the yom kippur war. They are supported by the opec secretariat directed by the board of governors run by the secretary general.
Opec oil embargo 1973 cut off supply of oil as protest of u. During the yum kippur war of israel against jordan, syria and egypt, the organization of petroleum exporting countries, also known as opec stated that nations that supported israel would face a monthly oil embargo of 5% until the support to israel was retired, the main countries that faced this embargo were canada, united. Opec also has an eminent impact on the global oil price development. With the longterm outlook suggesting fossil fuels will continue to provide the bulk of global energy needs, opec recognizes the need to protect the environment and support sustainable development. Essay on opec oil embargos effects on the macro economy. Ppt opec powerpoint presentation free to download id. Average annual opec crude oil price from 1960 to 2020 in u. In an embargo, nations refuse to trade with a country at all.
Because arab nations controlled 60 percent of the oil reserves in the noncommunist world, they had the western nations over a barrel. Other arab nations and third world oil producers joined in the. In the case of iran, the government eventually accepted the. Egypt iran saudi arabia and kuwait abdullah tariki the objectives of opec were laid out.
How the 1973 oil embargo still affects us energy agenda today. Ap environmental science timeline project create a timeline with the following important events, people, and laws in environmental science. Reed college economics effects of oil embargo case. Opec oil embargo of 1973on october 17, 1973, arab oil producers declared anembargo that drastically limited the shipment of oil to theunited states opecembargo. The organization of thepetroleum exportingcountries opec implements what it calls oildiplomacy october 17, 1973. Opec raised oil prices an average of 15%, effective july 1. Leading the way was opec, founded by iran, saudi arabia, and venezuela in 1960 to fight a reduction in prices by oil companies. Major events relating to topic many things such as hurricane katrina and the poor economic situation in nigeria affect opec and the oil prices it ultimately controls opec is an important part of everyday life every time we go to the pump opec is playing a part in our lives now the us is putting forth some effort to rid. The memories of gas lines from the opec oil embargo linger in the memories of many americans. Sweden government rationed gasoline and heating oil netherlands government impose prison sentence for those who used more than their give ration of electricity brazil proalcool 7. National history day competition 2017 mia alshami individual documentary.
The results of the 1973 war were to shock israel out of its complacency, stemming from its 1967 victories and would lead to the camp david accords held by the presidency of jimmy carter that helped create a. Opec forced oil companies to increase payments drastically. The arabdominated organization of petroleum exporting countries opec announces a decision to cut oil exports to the united states and other nations that provided military aid to israel in the yom kippur war of october 1973. In october 1973, opec member nations began an oil embargo that crippled much of the global economy, frayed the western worlds social fabric. The price of a barrel of oil increased 50% since a year earlier. Suvs, energy, and the oil economy 1 1973 oct 810 opec negotiation with oil companies fail 16 iran, iraq, abu dhabai, kuwait, saudia arabia, and qatar raise price oil 17% oct 17 openc agrees to cut exports and recommend embargo 1920 opec proclaims embargo against us november embargo extended to netherlands, portugal. The arab oil embargo of 19731974, in contrast, did affect the flow of oil supplies, but the embargo decision was taken explicitly with reference to the state of the. Dependence on opec oil sources is shown with interesting facts and photos from the 1973 energy embargo.
Opec s reference basket now consists of eleven crude streams representing the main export crudes of all member countries, weighted according to production and exports to. The energy crisis and the arab oil embargoes of 1973 and 1979 print opec was formed in 1960, largely as a way for governments of oilproducing nations to capture oil revenues that, at the time, were going to foreign producing firms. While in the 1950s and 60s, inexpensive oil had fueled economic growth, in the 70s, oil seemed expensive and insecure. As a result of the limit on oil, lines at gas stations grew tremendously. Easley department of natural and applied sciences university of dubuque 7172000. Nov 15, 2010 opec oil embargo the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec was created in 1960 with the idea of unifying and protecting the interests of petroleumproducing countries. Prices rallied in the final part of the decade, but to around half the levels of the early part, and opec s share of newly growing world output began to recover. Opec s purpose is to unify petroleum prices in order to promote stability in the world oil market and ensure a regular supply of petroleum to other countries. How did opec s new higher prices help to make new ventures in non opec areas economical. The middle east was a big part of the conflict because they were the ones who cut off the oil for the rest of the members in opec. However, the world energy market has changed dramatically over the past four decades, and the u.
The organization of petroleum exporting countries before and after opec. From the vantage point of policymakers in the federal reserve, an oil embargo by arab producers against the us further complicated the macroeconomic environment in the early 1970s. Opec organization of the petroleum exporting countries al gardner, braden spear, john rawlings, kyoko kimura, nathan faldmo development 1949 venezuela approaches. Mar 21, 2014 in october 1973, opec member nations began an oil embargo that crippled much of the global economy, frayed the western worlds social fabric and exposed mankinds utter dependence on one limited. Dec 28, 2014 oil crisis, 1973 the 1973 oil crisis began in october 1973 when the members of the organization of arab petroleum exporting countries oapec, consisting of the arab members of the opec, plus egypt, syria and tunisia proclaimed an oil embargo. Improvement of contractual agreements integrated approach to oil industry operations. The opec oil embargo and thirdworld debt by dale h. What caused the oil embargo of the 1970s and what were some lasting results of this event. The organization of the petroleum exporting countries opec has long advocated responsible stewardship of the environment. Its benchmark for crude oil prices is the socalled opec reference basket orb. This also was going to add fuel to the conservation movement.
For the us, the arab oil embargo came at a time of declining domestic crude oil production, rising demand, and increasing imports. A group of middle eastern countries, including some of the opec member states, is threatening to place an embargo on oil to the united states in order to voice its members discontent with america. You will need to attach several papersposter board, etc. All group members must partake in researching and putting the project together it must be identified who was responsible for what part of the project. The opec oil embargo was a 1973 decision by opec to halt u. In 1971, an accord was signed between major oil companies and members of opec doing business in the mediterranean sea region, called the tripoli agreement. The 1973 oil crisis started in october 1973, when the members of organization of arab petroleum exporting countries or the oapec consisting of the arab members of opec, plus egypt, syria and tunisia proclaimed an oil embargo in response to the u. Jun 08, 2008 nbc nightly news coverage of opec s decision to cut exports of oil to the united states along with other nations. Opec collects price data on a basket of crude oils, and uses average prices for these oil streams to develop an opec reference price to monitor world oil market conditions. The 1973 oil embargo triggered a mad rush of electricvehicle research.
The embargo that resulted caught many western countries flat footed and sparked a global recession. The agreement, signed on 2 april 1971, raised oil prices and increased producing countries profit shares. Apr 10, 20 opec formation and influence on the world economy ahlam colorado heights university abstract the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec, is a permanent intergovernmental organization, created at the baghdad conference on september 14 th, 1960, consisting of the worlds major oilexporting nations. Oil crisis began opec embargo nations banded together to control petroleum prices opec limited u. Adjustments to the new realities after the embargo.
The update makes the connection between falling oil prices 20142015 and opec s strategy to make hydraulic fracture drilling fracking unprofitable for us oil companies. Opec oil embargos effects on the macro economy essay 2031. Opec function member country delegations meet at the opec conference to coordinate and unify their national petroleum policies, in order to promote stability and harmony in the international oil market. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Remote work advice from the largest allremote company. The decision was taken by the 12 members of opec on october 19, 1973, in retaliation for the u. These are among the topics you will need to be familiar with in order to. Reported by john chancellor on the evening of october, 17 1973. Iran joined on 1960 iraq joined on 1960 kuwait joined on 1960 saudi arabia joined on 1960 venezuela joined on. How the 1973 oil embargo saved the planet foreign affairs.
According to the 20 study cited in the video lecture and powerpoint slides, 97% of computer models overestimated global warming, with model errors averaging 100%. The organization of the petroleum exporting countries opec. Effects of the earlier financial crisis continued to. Since the embargo, opec has continued to use its influence to manage oil prices. Dec 07, 2018 oil is the primary export for many of the countries that belong to opec, so its in the best interest of members to make sure that prices and global energy demands remain stable.